The clinical efficacy of hybrid surgery based on the Waveflex semi-rigid dynamic internal fixation system for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases: over three-year follow-up study

Table 1 Demographic findings of the study patients (n = 31)

Characteristic	Value
Sex, male: female	16:15
Age (yr)	64.3 ± 9.5
BMI (kg/m²)	27.0 ± 2.9
Dynamic fixation site, cranial: caudal	14:17
Dynamic fixed segment
L2-3	4
L3-4	10
L4-5	3
L5-S1	14
Total fixed segment
3	16
4	15

Abbreviations: yr, year; BMI, Body Mass Index. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated

ISSN: 1471-2474