Table 3 Summary of Metabolic Biomarkers and Evaluation Methods in Patients with FS
Author | Study Design | Participants | Experimental Groups | Measured Biomarker | Sample Type | Analysis Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salek et al.[27] | Case-control | Not specified | Control group and experimental group | Fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, serum triglycerides | Blood | Not specified |
Sung et al. [33] | Case-control | 1,200 (900 control, 300 experimental) | FS group and control group | Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol | Serum | Not specified |
Schiefer et al. [34] | Case-control | Not specified | Patients with FS and other conditions | TSH, free T4 | Serum | Not specified |
Safran et al. [35] | Case study | Not specified | Patients with FS | Fasting plasma glucose | Plasma | Compared with prevalence in the general population |
Chan et al. [36] | Case series | 24,417 | Retrospective | Cumulative HbA1c | Not specified | Logistic regression analysis |
Park et al.[39] | Case–control | 604 (151 experimental, 453 control) | FSG and control group | Lipid profile, thyroid hormones, fasting glucose, HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein | Serum | Scale and categorical data analysis |
Mertens et al. [40] | Cross-sectional | 70 (35 experimental, 35 control) | Patients with and without FS | Blood glucose, HbA1c | Capillary blood | A1 CNow + system based on finger prick sampling |
Chen B et al. [41] | Mendelian randomization | Not specified | Not specified | Proteins associated with diabetes and FS | Plasma | Protein–protein interaction networks, colocalization analysis |