Table 1 Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of low back pain among WAP in 1990 and 2021, and AAPC from 1990 to 2021, by global, gender, SDI, and regional levels
From: Low back pain among the working-age population: from the global burden of disease study 2021
Location | Incidence | Prevalence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | incident cases(1990) | ASIR(1990) | incident cases(2021) | ASIR(2021) | AAPC 1990–2021 | Prevalent cases(1990) | ASPR(1990) | Prevalent cases(2021) |
Global | 125925385(87544428 to 172267414) | 4111.23(2862.47 to 5618.98) | 192550188(134315720 to 262878367) | 3675.94(2563.49 to 5020.65) | −0.36(−0.39 to −0.33) | 296642960(215204490 to 395405566) | 9730.88(7060.60 to 12969.73) | 452846791(330333138 to 604396309) |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 75951023(53026751 to 103695789) | 5000.79(3497.67 to 6823.18) | 118418188(82947248 to 161150943) | 4528.97(3170.70 to 6166.82) | −0.32(−0.33 to −0.31) | 181779425(131887939 to 241458952) | 12025.71(8726.46 to 15969.16) | 281435400(205375959 to 373723566) |
Male | 49974361(34573334 to 68574620) | 3238(2242.53 to 4436.53) | 74132000(51443798 to 101390522) | 2826.69(1961.14 to 3866.76) | −0.43(−0.47 to −0.40) | 114863535(83052587 to 154202535) | 7476.28(5405.16 to 10040.19) | 171411390(124374955 to 230170260) |
Sociodemographic Index | ||||||||
High SDI | 31996276(22636746 to 43257100) | 5322.54(3766.51 to 7194.25) | 38264233(27840059 to 50615316) | 4874.22(3547.7 to 6454.88) | −0.29(−0.3 to −0.27) | 77274769(57105936 to 101490300) | 12837.99(9485.16 to 16863.90) | 92246403(70795946 to 118421405) |
High-middle SDI | 29407862(20509990 to 40183442) | 4262.33(2976.47 to 5821.91) | 36778634(25568300 to 50289192) | 3708.61(2574.68 to 5080.53) | −0.44(−0.46 to −0.42) | 69239192(50321775 to 92184033) | 10056.01(7309.23 to 13387.01) | 86579542(62634606 to 115920251) |
Middle SDI | 33470147(22933114 to 46153891) | 3488.39(2394.66 to 4802.16) | 55606595(38259999 to 76458930) | 3220.22(2214.56 to 4429.84) | −0.25(−0.27 to −0.23) | 77479340(55355152 to 104614900) | 8135.4(5812.78 to 10988.02) | 129464382(92484333 to 174824719) |
Low-middle SDI | 22304333(15371539 to 30651219) | 3841.45(2651.7 to 5272.34) | 42279629(29044383 to 58279689) | 3635.29(2500.23 to 5004.14) | −0.17(−0.19 to −0.16) | 52234309(37562830 to 70111395) | 9060.35(6515.15 to 12160.28) | 99061649(70836855 to 133825654) |
Low SDI | 8604821(5940659 to 11821306) | 3841.06(2658.9 to 5265.78) | 19445994(13368207 to 26821070) | 3637.29(2506.24 to 5003.85) | −0.17(−0.19 to −0.15) | 20069793(14473489 to 26853856) | 9035.4(6512.93 to 12086.17) | 45072896(32387947 to 60627236) |
Region | ||||||||
Andean Latin America | 570301(392916 to 785348) | 5866.93(4166.93 to 7904.89) | 1246659(863571 to 1711670) | 5356.04(4053.70 to 6816.87) | 0(−0.03 to 0.02) | 1300086(929913 to 1758658) | 14129.53(10479.51 to 18448.14) | 2847094(2047731 to 3835421) |
Australasia | 842795(596044 to 1136169) | 3796.38(2606.12 to 5212.98) | 1235552(861674 to 1678056) | 3858.83(2660.46 to 5298.81) | −0.25(−0.30 to −0.20) | 2066723(1526064 to 2717767) | 9041.69(6465.48 to 12166.94) | 3008647(2178172 to 4015827) |
Caribbean | 627518(429017 to 864096) | 6265.36(4412.53 to 8499.08) | 984506(686699 to 1344506) | 6138.77(4310.43 to 8326.88) | −0.05(−0.06 to −0.04) | 1445197(1034694 to 1945278) | 15661.73(11500.55 to 20604.99) | 2274842(1652979 to 3032091) |
Central Asia | 1687686(1172570 to 2313336) | 3822.06(2638.87 to 5234.76) | 2829579(1962110 to 3876012) | 3684.2(2538.58 to 5072.21) | −0.01(−0.02 to −0.01) | 3907378(2836612 to 5220358) | 8898.99(6407.86 to 11963.50) | 6593807(4753671 to 8821861) |
Central Europe | 5398459(3805760 to 7315417) | 3840.14(2647.79 to 5276.63) | 5212380(3669280 to 7056409) | 3477.54(2387.30 to 4803.06) | −0.06(−0.07 to −0.05) | 13531238(9943671 to 17789506) | 9010.41(6462.07 to 12103.38) | 13054958(9520426 to 17233576) |
Central Latin America | 3224029(2211591 to 4433405) | 5544.01(3873.49 to 7549.22) | 6506259(4485666 to 8933634) | 5081.45(3540.42 to 6935.53) | 0.05(0.03 to 0.07) | 7601306(5436561 to 10208604) | 13425.48(9753.38 to 17843.67) | 15531012(11181554 to 20913070) |
Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 932231(640581 to 1287702) | 3293.75(2252.57 to 4551.58) | 2414165(1653161 to 3336430) | 2698.83(1875.11 to 3703.57) | −0.11(−0.14 to −0.09) | 2151323(1542370 to 2914873) | 7585.01(5405.55 to 10287.25) | 5558525(3969418 to 7531464) |
East Asia | 24527075(16743945 to 33961801) | 3526.15(2439.83 to 4833.20) | 31262886(21738588 to 42798228) | 3455.93(2381.02 to 4763.86) | −0.63(−0.67 to −0.58) | 56107998(39955974 to 76098904) | 8125.47(5861.68 to 10921.62) | 71737362(51716562 to 96683286) |
Eastern Europe | 8760256(6127502 to 11931222) | 3872(2667.86 to 5337.34) | 8331610(5841544 to 11321574) | 3742.97(2568.38 to 5158.27) | −0.10(−0.10 to −0.09) | 21105700(15366990 to 28015849) | 9015.21(6458.16 to 12207.15) | 19997331(14568950 to 26570220) |
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 3036652(2088958 to 4170944) | 3203.98(2199.76 to 4426.73) | 7272284(4996304 to 10035640) | 3176.15(2169.21 to 4364.85) | −0.12(−0.13 to −0.11) | 6991696(5032759 to 9404430) | 7388.76(5260.68 to 10001.61) | 16718989(12008068 to 22526836) |
High-income Asia Pacific | 6865578(4801616 to 9341969) | 4301.16(3020.36 to 5845.58) | 6616781(4615567 to 9015050) | 4196.95(2893.73 to 5756.15) | −0.30(−0.38 to −0.23) | 16672536(12109033 to 22162508) | 10370.17(7633.70 to 13728.31) | 16030957(11581002 to 21474373) |
High-income North America | 10999385(7810364 to 14831262) | 3318.51(2291.65 to 4564.46) | 13781072(10424484 to 17533208) | 3165.84(2178.92 to 4355.81) | −0.28(−0.33 to −0.23) | 26478416(19646880 to 34549504) | 7625.27(5473.40 to 10297.93) | 33164835(27035294 to 40447087) |
North Africa and Middle East | 7376602(5177808 to 10022480) | 4554.67(3138.30 to 6251.17) | 16809500(11598307 to 23073766) | 4569.79(3163.13 to 6269.40) | −0.08(−0.09 to −0.06) | 17716053(13039690 to 23431481) | 10957.53(7880.39 to 14737.98) | 40340535(29102857 to 54118941) |
Oceania | 102670(70401 to 142293) | 4873.64(3457.96 to 6564.54) | 245452(167332 to 337938) | 4690.28(3255.50 to 6414.85) | −0.03(−0.04 to −0.02) | 234275(166874 to 316932) | 11619.51(8613.51 to 15261.70) | 563433(400515 to 763915) |
South Asia | 21481714(14785843 to 29571432) | 5397.21(3777.18 to 7364.94) | 40315604(27644486 to 55764381) | 5227.55(3652.63 to 7126.17) | −0.31(−0.33 to −0.28) | 50035142(35872880 to 67251932) | 12962.08(9429.98 to 17214.43) | 93413074(66617610 to 126303904) |
Southeast Asia | 7229000(4982187 to 9939229) | 5052.73(3514.85 to 6879.39) | 14012052(9593895 to 19337440) | 5009.77(3489.66 to 6842.56) | −0.05(−0.06 to −0.04) | 16557288(11949773 to 22279064) | 11917.65(8647.11 to 15887.97) | 32662570(23304570 to 44205634) |
Southern Latin America | 1517508(1055478 to 2066344) | 4493.67(3133.27 to 6150.59) | 2321978(1617674 to 3170624) | 4471.61(3101.44 to 6124.53) | −0.08(−0.19 to 0.03) | 3572163(2591771 to 4762739) | 10462.28(7601.75 to 13968.93) | 5507152(3981218 to 7358567) |
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 824736(567621 to 1137008) | 2936.47(2026.73 to 4032.27) | 1539763(1058908 to 2121892) | 2891.39(1979.05 to 3991.07) | −0.15(−0.17 to −0.13) | 1878427(1347408 to 2537203) | 6794.66(4901.20 to 9149.99) | 3525900(2514867 to 4762265) |
Tropical Latin America | 3874493(2665869 to 5320599) | 3132.59(2143.38 to 4312.13) | 7297263(5053407 to 10012452) | 3087.22(2153.37 to 4217.86) | 0.01(0 to 0.02) | 9255776(6656614 to 12447624) | 7249.11(5188.30 to 9765.05) | 17761409(12793784 to 23887660) |
Western Europe | 13054611(9258096 to 17573161) | 6243.65(4414.83 to 8412.80) | 14664075(10187235 to 20015546) | 5797.57(4045.11 to 7884.31) | −0.13(−0.15 to −0.11) | 31201039(23130783 to 40998981) | 15311.40(11303.92 to 20142.97) | 35040339(25334206 to 46899586) |
Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 2992087(2065043 to 4109687) | 2956.53(2038.30 to 4070.28) | 7650770(5257615 to 10576423) | 2960.96(2051.98 to 4063.38) | −0.07(−0.08 to −0.05) | 6833199(4930867 to 9179879) | 6783.28(4847.10 to 9201.32) | 17514020(12576483 to 23620977) |
Location | Prevalence | DALYs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | ASPR(2021) | AAPC 1990–2021 | DALYs cases (1990) | ASDR (1990) | DALYs cases(2021) | ASDR (2021) | AAPC 1990–2021 |
Global | 8631.8(6295.99 to 11517.12) | −0.39(−0.42 to −0.36) | 33774033(20852535 to 50306970) | 1108.27(685.54 to 1650.01) | 51510153(31892638 to 76590376) | 981.79(607.53 to 1460.21) | −0.39(−0.41 to −0.37) |
Sex | |||||||
Female | 10742.51(7838.24 to 14263.67) | −0.36(−0.38 to −0.35) | 20561461(12731279 to 30601305) | 1360.81(844.13 to 2024.69) | 31774138(19714694 to 47167005) | 1212.77(751.83 to 1800.97) | −0.37(−0.38 to −0.35) |
Male | 6528.2(4737.02 to 8763.88) | −0.44(−0.50 to −0.38) | 13212572(8113814 to 19753220) | 860.15(529.13 to 1285.73) | 19736015(12181688 to 29520121) | 751.57(463.75 to 1124.25) | −0.44(−0.49 to −0.39) |
Sociodemographic Index | |||||||
High SDI | 11662.1(8953.30 to 14956.28) | −0.31(−0.33 to −0.29) | 8829101(5518929 to 13072804) | 1466.26(916.52 to 2171.67) | 10497420(6753939 to 15249470) | 1326.75(851.47 to 1927.61) | −0.33(−0.34 to −0.31) |
High-middle SDI | 8690.66(6282.42 to 11633.22) | −0.46(−0.48 to −0.44) | 7906269(4888223 to 11755339) | 1148.57(710.88 to 1708.12) | 9903186(6109710 to 14795755) | 993.9(611.71 to 1486.47) | −0.45(−0.47 to −0.43) |
Middle SDI | 7480.41(5344.98 to 10095.9) | −0.27(−0.29 to −0.25) | 8851163(5394085 to 13267367) | 929.84(568.39 to 1392.81) | 14767555(9043438 to 22110951) | 852.95(521.89 to 1277.42) | −0.27(−0.29 to −0.25) |
Low-middle SDI | 8548.07(6113.64 to 11548.96) | −0.19(−0.21 to −0.17) | 5892534(3625718 to 8802658) | 1022.25(631.09 to 1525.7) | 11200732(6832626 to 16825861) | 966.03(590.51 to 1450.43) | −0.18(−0.2 to −0.16) |
Low SDI | 8508.7(6113.34 to 11450.33) | −0.19(−0.21 to −0.18) | 2255601(1388544 to 3367474) | 1016.14(627.77 to 1515.38) | 5093147(3119142 to 7613299) | 961.41(591.31 to 1435.42) | −0.18(−0.2 to −0.16) |
Region | |||||||
Andean Latin America | 12785.06(10424.11 to 15587.74) | −0.01(−0.03 to 0.01) | 148355(90463 to 223531) | 1607.06(1011.20 to 2368.23) | 324878(198942 to 485611) | 1439.98(962.58 to 2012.81) | −0.02(−0.04,0) |
Australasia | 9208.33(6629.87 to 12397.47) | −0.29(−0.33 to −0.26) | 234269(146185 to 347022) | 1028.51(628.56 to 1542.01) | 342010(212337 to 511963) | 1046.02(642.98 to 1563.09) | −0.29(−0.32,−0.25) |
Caribbean | 15227.76(11096.56 to 20107.97) | −0.06(−0.07 to −0.05) | 164502(100238 to 247134) | 1784.85(1114.60 to 2647.30) | 258135(160206 to 383823) | 1740.57(1082.22 to 2583.67) | −0.07(−0.09,−0.05) |
Central Asia | 8563.98(6146.19 to 11554.81) | −0.01(−0.01 to 0) | 446427(273835 to 665486) | 1004.78(619.82 to 1498.56) | 753992(465989 to 1122242) | 970.88(596.43 to 1450.79) | −0.01(−0.01,0) |
Central Europe | 8087.09(5770.04 to 10931.36) | −0.09(−0.09 to −0.09) | 1540921(962984 to 2283177) | 1012.44(625.04 to 1512.91) | 1490925(929268 to 2212244) | 910.35(557.05 to 1368.62) | −0.08(−0.09,−0.07) |
Central Latin America | 12186.32(8805.16 to 16296.18) | 0.06(0.05 to 0.07) | 864199(526570 to 1296362) | 1546.51(953.70 to 2311.50) | 1764319(1084620 to 2636778) | 1405.17(865.81 to 2100.93) | 0.05(0.04,0.07) |
Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 6162.11(4438.82 to 8301.64) | −0.12(−0.15 to −0.09) | 240224(147050 to 362449) | 875.13(532.15 to 1317.52) | 626611(383324 to 944565) | 712.00(436.87 to 1070.32) | −0.09(−0.11,−0.07) |
East Asia | 7985.19(5736.27 to 10774.41) | −0.65(−0.7 to −0.60) | 6471913(3924938 to 9746738) | 918.64(568.21 to 1367.27) | 8289483(5099856 to 12445169) | 907.23(556.72 to 1359.03) | −0.65(−0.70,−0.60) |
Eastern Europe | 8692.87(6208.44 to 11765.93) | −0.12(−0.12 to −0.11) | 2386881(1482552 to 3554559) | 1007.72(618.73 to 1521.20) | 2260500(1411454 to 3357021) | 980.15(602.58 to 1473.80) | −0.12(−0.13,−0.11) |
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 7335.42(5213.45 to 9949.60) | −0.13(−0.14 to −0.11) | 788361(483789 to 1177574) | 842.39(513.83 to 1263.90) | 1895082(1158297 to 2835843) | 836.26(507.57 to 1254.44) | −0.11(−0.12,−0.10) |
High-income Asia Pacific | 10073.40(7260.21 to 13526.63) | −0.34(−0.40 to −0.27) | 1920757(1185510 to 2869983) | 1178.56(735.66 to 1739.58) | 1850364(1143256 to 2766942) | 1140.42(700.57 to 1706.47) | −0.32(−0.42,−0.23) |
High-income North America | 7275.10(5189.33 to 9831.34) | −0.31(−0.34 to −0.28) | 3013766(1894926 to 4439691) | 862.38(531.88 to 1285.76) | 3731787(2501266 to 5212688) | 811.72(498.85 to 1214.54) | −0.35(−0.38,−0.33) |
North Africa and Middle East | 11103.58(7996.39 to 14932.18) | −0.09(−0.12 to −0.07) | 2009988(1251401 to 2968344) | 1234.45(757.17 to 1852.26) | 4571384(2806526 to 6841897) | 1249.75(769.96 to 1866.82) | −0.10(−0.13,−0.08) |
Oceania | 11146.53(8064.98 to 14895.34) | −0.03(−0.04 to −0.01) | 26704(16243 to 40154) | 1325.21(830.47 to 1954.78) | 64292(38915 to 96481) | 1270.85(783.65 to 1892.75) | −0.03(−0.04,−0.01) |
South Asia | 12472.83(9071.65 to 16602.91) | −0.35(−0.38 to −0.32) | 5625074(3460446 to 8415807) | 1467.87(911.09 to 2187.78) | 10522771(6426627 to 15827222) | 1412.61(878.29 to 2100.92) | −0.34(−0.37,−0.31) |
Southeast Asia | 11845.21(8563.53 to 15826.19) | −0.03(−0.04 to −0.02) | 1898468(1161224 to 2826889) | 1357.56(832.58 to 2029.96) | 3756883(2287241 to 5644606) | 1346.29(827.59 to 2010.32) | −0.02(−0.03,−0.01) |
Southern Latin America | 10433.68(7521.68 to 13964.35) | −0.08(−0.21 to 0.05) | 406761(249398 to 608336) | 1196.27(735.69 to 1780.77) | 626033(385018 to 934908) | 1192.54(737.13 to 1775.11) | −0.08(−0.21,0.05) |
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 6727.57(4800.70 to 9104.43) | −0.15(−0.17 to −0.13) | 212365(130591 to 316868) | 779.40(478.29 to 1160.06) | 393811(241651 to 589625) | 773.62(470.78 to 1162.43) | −0.19(−0.21,−0.17) |
Tropical Latin America | 7120.73(5172.78 to 9490.37) | 0.04(0.03 to 0.05) | 1042945(638459 to 1565086) | 825.99(504.04 to 1240.21) | 1999829(1232711 to 2986297) | 808.00(501.11 to 1201.51) | 0.04(0.03,0.05) |
Western Europe | 14022.97(10158.57 to 18713.02) | −0.14(−0.15 to −0.13) | 3559397(2232481 to 5246740) | 1735.23(1083.65 to 2570.67) | 3998066(2471532 to 5946859) | 1592.48(988.17 to 2384.24) | −0.14(−0.16,−0.13) |
Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 6769.81(4868.75 to 9120.79) | −0.06(−0.07 to −0.05) | 771757(475726 to 1149716) | 775.05(473.94 to 1167.22) | 1988999(1214258 to 2985207) | 772.19(473.19 to 1153.65) | −0.04(−0.05,−0.03) |