Table 1 Table of baseline characteristics for participants with type 2 diabetes and participants without diabetes. 1 defined as time from index date to the earliest of: end of study (17th February 2020), date of death, date of transfer to a non-CPRD practice, or date of last CPRD data collection. 2 hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, or obesity. 3 referring to other non-specific codes that could relate to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Median follow-up¹in years (IQR)

8.24 (4.90–11.65)

9.06 (5.95–12.19)

8.69 (5.42–11.93)

Mean age (years)

59.43 (SD = 14.01)

59.43 (SD = 14.01)

59.43 (SD = 14.01)

Gender

Male

25,236 (57.38%)

25,236 (57.38%)

50,472 (57.38%)

Female

18,741 (42.62%)

18,741 (42.62%)

37,482 (42.62%)

Hypertension

(pre-index date)

Diagnosed

21,538 (48.98%)

9,803 (22.29%)

31,341 (35.63%)

Not diagnosed

22,439 (51.02%)

34,174 (77.71%)

56,613 (64.37%)

Hyperlipidaemia

(pre-index date)

Diagnosed

8,649 (19.67%)

3,782 (8.60%)

12,431 (14.13%)

Not diagnosed

35,328 (80.33%)

40,195 (91.40%)

75,523 (85.87%)

Obesity

(pre-index date)

Obese

23,603 (53.77%)

6,687 (15.23%)

30,290 (34.50%)

Not obese

17,599 (40.09%)

25,847 (58.88%)

43,446 (49.49%)

Missing

2,693 (6.14%)

11,361 (25.88%)

14,054 (16.01%)

Number of metabolic factors²developed during follow-up

0

30,542 (69.45%)

38,609 (87.79%)

69,151 (78.62%)

1

11,052 (25.13%)

4,466 (10.16%)

15,518 (17.61%)

2

2,173 (4.94%)

828 (1.88%)

3,001 (3.41%)

3

210 (0.48%)

74 (0.17%)

284 (0.32%)

Thyroid dysfunction

Diagnosed

4,014 (9.13%)

2,396 (5.45%)

6,410 (7.29%)

Not diagnosed

39,963 (90.87%)

41,581 (94.55%)

81,544 (92.71%)

Type of thyroid dysfunction Read code

Congenital

13 (0.03%)

7 (0.02%)

20 (0.02%)

Hyperthyroidism

625 (1.42%)

418 (0.95%)

1,043 (1.19%)

Hypo/Hyperthyroidism³

588 (1.34%)

319 (0.73%)

907 (1.03%)

Hypothyroidism

3,043 (6.92%)

1,622 (3.69%)

4,665 (5.30%)

Malignant

17 (0.04%)

19 (0.04%)

36 (0.04%)

Surgery

398 (0.91%)

287 (0.65%)

685 (0.78%)

Other

1,010 (2.30%)

703 (1.60%)

1,713 (1.95%)

Smoking

Yes

8,149 (18.53%)

8,498 (19.32%)

16,647 (18.93%)

No

20,686 (47.04%)

20,292 (46.14%)

40,978 (46.59%)

Ex

14,398 (32.74%)

8,599 (19.55%)

22,997 (26.15%)

Missing

744 (1.69%)

6,588 (14.98%)

7,332 (8.34%)

Alcohol

Yes

29,468 (67.01%)

27,074 (61.56%)

56,542 (64.29%)

No

8,090 (18.40%)

4,814 (10.95%)

12,904 (14.67%)

Ex

1,487 (3.38%)

584 (1.33%)

2,071 (2.35%)

Missing

4,932 (11.21%)

11,505 (26.16%)

16,437 (18.69%)

Ethnicity

Bangladeshi

124 (0.28%)

47 (0.11%)

171 (0.19%)

Black African

184 (0.42%)

102 (0.23%)

286 (0.33%)

Black Caribbean

223 (0.51%)

141 (0.32%)

364 (0.41%)

Black – other

78 (0.18%)

59 (0.13%)

137 (0.16%)

Chinese

79 (0.18%)

56 (0.13%)

135 (0.15%)

Indian

590 (1.34%)

184 (0.42%)

774 (0.88%)

Mixed

168 (0.38%)

93 (0.21%)

261 (0.30%)

Other Asian

316 (0.72%)

98 (0.22%)

414 (0.47%)

Other

356 (0.81%)

286 (0.65%)

642 (0.73%)

Pakistani

320 (0.73%)

141 (0.32%)

461 (0.52%)

Missing

11,020 (25.06%)

12,331 (28.04%)

23,351 (26.55%)

White

30,519 (69.40%)

30,439 (69.22%)

60,958 (69.31%)

IMD Quintile

Least deprived quintile

8,535 (19.41%)

9,899 (22.51%)

18,434 (20.96%)

2nd least deprived quintile

9,178 (20.87%)

9,675 (22.00%)

18,853 (21.44%)

3rd least deprived quintile

9,376 (21.32%)

9,320 (21.19%)

18,696 (21.26%)

4th least deprived quintile

8,811 (20.04%)

8,140 (18.51%)

16,951 (19.27%)

Most deprived quintile

8,052 (18.31%)

6,885 (15.66%)

14,937 (16.98%)

Missing

25 (0.06%)

58 (0.13%)

83 (0.09%)