Machine learning models for predicting tibial intramedullary nail length

Table 5 Comparative performance metrics of ML models for predicting tibial IMN length

Model	R²	MSE	RMSE (mm)
Linear Regression	0.8945	117.53	10.84
Random Forest	0.8482	169.01	13.00
Decision Tree	0.7820	242.42	15.57
XGBoost	0.8070	213.99	14.63

Note: R² indicates the proportion of variance in tibial IMN length explained by the model. MSE and RMSE reflect prediction error, with lower values indicating better performance. RMSE is reported in mm to enhance clinical interpretability

ISSN: 1471-2474