Table 4 Comparison of architecture characteristics and diffusion properties among TMDs subgroups with DTI and DSI

LPM

T_N (×10³)

5.51 [3.69, 6.71]

5.11 [4.09, 6.03]

3.84 [2.91, 5.17]

0.069 ^f

19.76 ± 9.20

19.00 ± 6.31

17.40 ± 6.31

0.672 ^e

T_ML (mm)

21.69 [18.12, 24.33]

20.93 [20.04, 22.86]

20.31 [16.49, 23.69]

0.649 ^f

22.39 [17.99, 24.11]

21.83 [19.29, 23.29]

19.71 [17.25, 23.90]

0.662 ^f

T_V (×10³ mm³)

10.11 ± 2.77

9.56 ± 2.04

7.61 ± 2.12

0.013^e

10.29 ± 2.93

9.89 ± 2.57

7.77 ± 2.33

0.024^e

FA

0.28 [0.26, 0.30]

0.28 [0.27, 0.29]

0.28 [0.26, 0.29]

0.849 ^f

0.27 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.02

0.28 ± 0.03

0.018^e

MD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

1.62 [1.46, 1.77]

1.64 [1.59, 1.73]

1.59 [1.54, 1.73]

0.588 ^f

2.16 ± 0.22

2.22 ± 0.24

2.09 ± 0.20

0.311 ^e

AD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

2.02 [1.89, 2.30]

2.13 [2.03, 2.21]

2.06 [1.95, 2.22]

0.581 ^f

2.78 ± 0.27

2.82 ± 0.26

2.72 ± 0.25

0.561 ^e

RD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

1.41 [1.25, 1.53]

1.41 [1.35, 1.49]

1.36 [1.33, 1.46]

0.455 ^f

1.86 ± 0.20

1.92 ± 0.23

1.78 ± 0.19

0.206 ^e

QA

-

-

-

-

0.06 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.042^e

MM

T_N (×10³)

25.11 ± 7.19

23.52 ± 5.01

19.72 ± 6.50

0.059 ^e

91.32 ± 22.38

83.46 ± 17.99

87.94 ± 24.74

0.565 ^e

T_ML (mm)

33.69 [26.92, 36.53]

32.99 [31.76, 34.81]

28.83 [24.97, 36.40]

0.460 ^f

34.10 [31.92, 36.88]

33.73 [30.08, 36.55]

31.37 [28.66, 34.05]

0.169 ^f

T_V (×10³ mm³)

37.33 ± 8.82

32.83 ± 6.61

28.96 ± 8.12

0.015^e

34.76 ± 7.86

31.93 ± 7.09

27.48 ± 5.77

0.019^e

FA

0.28 ± 0.03

0.28 ± 0.02

0.27 ± 0.03

0.357 ^e

0.27 ± 0.02

0.26 ± 0.02

0.26 ± 0.02

0.139 ^e

MD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

1.62 ± 0.11

1.64 ± 0.13

1.69 ± 0.09

0.200 ^e

1.86 ± 0.17

1.89 ± 0.16

1.90 ± 0.12

0.755 ^e

AD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

2.12 ± 0.16

2.14 ± 0.16

2.19 ± 0.15

0.444 ^e

2.40 ± 0.21

2.43 ± 0.19

2.43 ± 0.16

0.905 ^e

RD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

1.36 [1.30, 1.44]

1.39 [1.28, 1.51]

1.45 [1.43, 1.48]

0.075 ^f

1.60 [1.47, 1.70]

1.67 [1.51, 1.73]

1.65 [1.54, 1.68]

0.469 ^f

QA

-

-

-

-

0.05 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

0.053 ^e

MPM

T_N (×10³)

6.18 ± 2.28

6.33 ± 1.50

4.84 ± 2.24

0.102 ^e

21.51 ± 5.49

22.50 ± 5.57

20.51 ± 7.27

0.670 ^e

T_ML (mm)

22.42 [17.70, 23.63]

22.72 [21.23, 24.65]

21.01 [16.46, 23.75]

0.253 ^f

21.40 ± 4.06

22.57 ± 2.31

19.90 ± 3.83

0.128 ^e

T_V (×10³ mm³)

11.34 ± 3.04

10.66 ± 2.43

8.99 ± 2.79

0.059 ^e

11.26 ± 2.48

11.27 ± 3.06

9.12 ± 2.27

0.043^e

FA

0.27 [0.26, 0.29]

0.28 [0.27, 0.29]

0.28 [0.26, 0.30]

0.630 ^f

0.25 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.02

0.929 ^e

MD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

1.54 ± 0.14

1.65 ± 0.15

1.58 ± 0.10

0.085 ^e

2.01 ± 0.18

2.06 ± 0.19

2.02 ± 0.14

0.696 ^e

AD (×10^− 3 mm²/s)

1.91 [1.84, 2.06]

2.09 [2.01, 2.29]

2.00 [1.88, 2.17]

0.054 ^f

2.51 [2.43, 2.62]

2.60 [2.41, 2.82]

2.55 [2.51, 2.70]

0.405 ^f

RD (×10 − 3 mm2/s)

1.32 ± 0.10

1.41 ± 0.13

1.35 ± 0.07

0.060 ^e

1.75 ± 0.16

1.79 ± 0.18

1.75 ± 0.14

0.748 ^e

QA

-

-

-

-

0.04 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

0.049^e