Fig. 2

Serum metabolome of all IDEA participants, excluding the factor of intervention, is influenced by participant sex. (A) While PCA displays overlapping of male and female IDEA participants (B) PLS-DA improves clustering of participants within their respective sex group suggesting the serum metabolome is sexually dimorphic. (C) Fold change analysis was conducted to pinpoint populations of metabolite features that are differentially regulated between males and females. This revealed 283 metabolite features that had a FC > 2 and were higher in abundance in female participants, whereas 345 had a FC < -2 and were higher in abundance in male participants. The colors in A–C correspond to: pink – females, blue – males